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Table 1 Summary of the previously published cases of people with HIV undergoing HT

From: Heart transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus–navigating drug-drug interactions: a case report

Ref #

Year of HT/Country

Gender/Age at HT (years)

Indication for HT

ARV regimen after HT

Routine immunosuppression regimen

Rejection/Grade

Follow-up (months)

Post-HT AIDS-defining illness

Post-HT viral load (copies/ml)/CD4 + count (cells/µl)

Drug interaction/Interacting drugs

Patient

Status at last follow-up

[17]1

1997/USA

F/>40

Non-ischemic CM

ZDV/3TC/EFV

CYA/MMF/P

Yes/3A and 1 A 2

120

No

< 50/>200

NR

Alive

[18]

2001/USA

M/39

daunorubicin associated CM

ZDV/3TC/RTV

CYA/P/MMF or AZA

Yes/2-3 A 2

24

No

< 50/multiple episodes of < 200

Yes/CYA and RTV

Alive

[19]

2001/USA

M/42

Idiopathic CM

TDF/3TC/NVP

NR

Yes/2 2

24

No

< 50/650–1000

NR

Alive

[20]3

2001–2008/USA

6 M and 1 F/19–48

Dilated CM

NR

CYA/MMF/P

Yes/1B-3 A 2

3–88 (mean of 30)

No

UD/>200 (mean of 554 ± 169)

Yes/CYA and HAART

Alive

[21]

2007/Spain

M/39

Ischemic CM

ZDV/3TC/ABC

FK/MMF/MP

Yes/3A 2

36

No

< 50/201–754

No

Alive

[22]1

2007/USA

M/>60

Ischemic CM

TDF/ FTC/EFV

FK/MMF/P

Yes/moderate

34

No

UD/50 at 30-month

NR

Dead

[23]

2008/France

M/32

Dilated CM

ZDV/3TC/RAL/enfuvirtide

NR

Yes/2R 4

30

No

UD/1,560 at 30-month

No

Alive

[24]

2008/USA

M/47

Non-ischemic dilated CM

NR

NR

No

31

No

NR

NR

Alive

[25]

2009/USA

F/42

Non-ischemic dilated CM

NR

FK/MMF/P

Yes/NR

24

No

NR

No

Alive

[26]

2009/Italy

M/36

Non-ischemic dilated CM

ZDV/3TC/EFV

CYA/EVR/MP

Yes/2R 4

36

No

UD/>800

Yes/EVR and EFV

Alive

[27]

2011/Italy

M/42

Dilated CM

NR

NR

No

19

NR

NR

NR

Alive

[28]5

2000–2016/14 sites USA and Europe

15 M and 6 F/27–61

Non-ischemic CM: 17; ischemic CM: 4

INSTI-based: 8

PI-based: 4

NNRTI-based: 8

Other: 1

FK: 16

CYA: 5

Most received MMF and P

Yes: 14/mild = 6; moderate = 8)

6-123 (median of 35)

16

UD/median of 411 at 1 year

Yes: 4 possible/PI and CNI

Alive (64%)

  1. 1. Seroconversion to HIV-positive status occurred after HT
  2. 2. The 1990 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grading for acute cellular rejection on endomyocardial biopsy
  3. 3. This is a case series describing 7 HT recipients. Five patients were diagnosed with HIV before HT and 2 patients had seroconversion at 1 and 7 years after HT
  4. 4. ISHLT revised grading for acute cellular rejection (ISHLT-2004)
  5. 5. This is a case series describing 21 HT recipients
  6. 6. Due to cessation of antiretroviral agents (non-adherent patient)
  7. Abbreviations
  8. ABC, abacavir; ARV, anti-retroviral; AZA, azathioprine; CM, cardiomyopathy; CNI, calcineurin inhibitors; CYA, cyclosporine; EFV, efavirenz; EVR, everolimus; F, female; FK, tacrolimus; FTC, emtricitabine; HAART, highly active anti-retroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HT, heart transplantation; INSTI, integrase inhibitors; M, male; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MP, methylprednisolone; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NR, not reported; NVP, nevirapine; P, prednisone; PI, protease inhibitors; RAL, raltegravir; RTV, ritonavir; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; UD, undetectable; USA, United States; ZDV, zidovudine; 3TC, lamivudine
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AIDS Research and Therapy

ISSN: 1742-6405

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