Table 3 Factors associated with polypharmacy in a referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2019 (N = 4547)

Total

No 2245 (49.4%)

Yes 2302 (50.6%)

OR (95%CI)

P-value

aOR (95%CI)

P-value

Age (years)

18–39

1120 (64.9)

606 (35.1)

Ref.

Ref.

40–49

552 (45.8)

654 (54.2)

2.38 (1.81–3.18)

< 0.001

1.79 (1.33–2.44)

< 0.001

50–59

412 (38.8)

649 (61.2)

4.00 (2.83–5.80)

< 0.001

2.80 (1.90–4.21)

< 0.001

≥ 60

161 (29.1)

393 (70.9)

6.53 (3.79–12.43)

< 0.001

4.41 (2.45–8.67)

< 0.001

Gender

Cisgender man

1675 (56.6)

1283 (43.4)

Ref.

Ref.

Cisgender woman

452 (33.1)

913 (66.9)

2.73 (2.02–3.78)

< 0.001

1.75 (1.27–2.47)

< 0.001

Transgender woman

118 (52.7)

106 (47.3)

1.02 (0.65–1.68)

0.95

1.07 (0.66–1.82)

0.80

Race

Black

455 (49.3)

467 (50.7)

0.92 (0.69–1.24)

0.58

NA

NA

Pardo (Mixed-race)

829 (49.9)

831 (50.1)

0.98 (0.76–1.26)

0.89

NA

NA

White

961 (48.9)

1004 (51.1)

Ref.

NA

NA

Education

Less than elementary

376 (34.8)

703 (65.2)

5.06 (3.49–7.48)

< 0.001

4.09 (2.77–6.14)

< 0.001

Elementary

387 (42.8)

518 (57.2)

3.71 (2.59–5.40)

< 0.001

3.44 (2.36–5.09)

< 0.001

Secondary

1013 (54.5)

845 (45.5)

2.24 (1.71–2.93)

< 0.001

2.60 (1.96–3.43)

< 0.001

Higher than secondary

458 (68.3)

213 (31.7)

Ref.

Ref.

Time since HIV diagnosis (years)

≤ 10

1255 (60.5)

820 (39.5)

Ref.

Ref.

> 10

990 (40.0)

1482 (60.0)

3.00 (2.36–3.83)

< 0.001

1.84 (1.23–2.84)

< 0.001

Time since ARV initiation (years)

≤ 10

1484 (66.5)

1109 (48.3)

Ref.

Ref.

> 10

747 (33.5)

1185 (51.7)

2.88 (2.21–3.79)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.60–1.53)

0.91