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Table 1 Study population characteristics, overall and by testing history

From: Factors associated with testing for HIV and hepatitis C among behaviorally vulnerable men in Germany: a cross-sectional analysis upon enrollment into an observational cohort

 

Overall (n = 1017)

Recent HIV testing

Recent HCV testing

No HIV test for > 6 months (n = 96)

Tested for HIV < 6 months ago (n = 921)

p

No HCV test for > 6 months (n = 488)

Tested for HCV < 6 months ago (n = 513)

p

Age (years)

0.008

  

0.16

 < 25

96 (9.4%)

16 (16.7%)

80 (8.7%)

 

51 (10.5%)

45 (8.8%)

 

 25–35

496 (48.8%)

51 (53.1%)

445 (48.3%)

 

223 (45.7%)

265 (51.7%)

 

 > 35

425 (41.8%)

29 (30.2%)

396 (43.0%)

 

214 (43.9%)

203 (39.6%)

 

Gender identity

0.075

  

0.17

 Cisgender man

1002 (98.5%)

93 (96.9%)

909 (98.7%)

 

484 (99.2%)

503 (98.1%)

 

 Transgender man

1 (0.1%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.1%)

 

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.2%)

 

 Transgender woman

1 (0.1%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.1%)

 

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 Non-binary

5 (0.5%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (0.5%)

 

0 (0.0%)

5 (1.0%)

 

 Gender queer

1 (0.1%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.1%)

 

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.2%)

 

 Missing/unknown

7 (0.7%)

3 (0.3%)

4 (0.4%)

 

3 (0.6%)

3 (0.6%)

 

Sexual orientation

< 0.001

  

0.037

 Homosexual

936 (92.0%)

86 (89.6%)

850 (92.3%)

 

447 (91.6%)

475 (92.6%)

 

 Bisexual

48 (4.7%)

6 (6.3%)

42 (4.6%)

 

28 (5.7%)

19 (3.7%)

 

 Heterosexual

1 (0.1%)

1 (1.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

1 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 Other or no label

23 (2.3)

0 (0.0%)

23 (2.5%)

 

6 (1.2%)

17 (3.3%)

 

 Missing/unknown

9 (0.9%)

3 (3.1%)

6 (0.7%)

 

6 (1.2%)

2 (0.4%)

 

Education level

< 0.001

  

0.60

 Less than secondary

199 (19.6%)

25 (26.0%)

174 (18.9%)

 

102 (20.9%)

94 (18.3%)

 

 Secondary school

283 (27.8%)

40 (41.7%)

243 (26.4%)

 

137 (28.1%)

143 (27.9%)

 

 Undergraduate

171 (16.8%)

11 (11.5%)

160 (17.4%)

 

85 (17.4%)

85 (16.6%)

 

 Master’s or doctorate

364 (35.8%)

20 (20.8%)

344 (37.4%)

 

164 (33.6%)

191 (37.2%)

 

Marital status

0.71

  

0.024

 Single/never married

624 (61.4%)

63 (65.6%)

561 (60.9%)

 

282 (57.8%)

334 (65.1%)

 

 Married

120 (11.8%)

8 (8.3%)

112 (12.2%)

 

57 (11.7%)

60 (11.7%)

 

 Cohabitating

195 (19.2%)

17 (17.3%)

178 (19.3%)

 

104 (21.3%)

86 (16.8%)

 

 Separated/widowed

73 (7.2%)

7 (7.3%)

66 (7.2%)

 

40 (8.2%)

33 (6.4%)

 

 Other/unknown

5 (0.5%)

1 (1.0%)

4 (0.4%)

 

5 (1.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Self-perceived HIV riska

0.001

  

0.32

 None/small

438 (43.1%)

36 (37.5%)

402 (43.6%)

 

197 (40.4%)

235 (45.8%)

 

 Some

357 (35.1%)

37 (38.5%)

320 (34.7%)

 

184 (37.7%)

170 (33.1%)

 

 Large/very large

217 (21.3%)

20 (20.8%)

197 (21.4%)

 

104 (21.3%)

106 (20.7%)

 

 Missing/unknown

5 (0.5%)

3 (3.1%)

2 (0.2%)

 

3 (0.6%)

2 (0.4%)

 

Illicit drug use in lifetime

0.009

  

 < 0.001

 No

327 (32.2%)

34 (35.4%)

293 (31.8%)

 

171 (35.0%)

155 (30.2%)

 

 Yes

668 (65.7%)

56 (58.3%)

612 (66.4%)

 

297 (60.9%)

356 (69.4%)

 

 Missing/unknown

22 (2.2%)

6 (6.3%)

16 (1.7%)

 

20 (4.1%)

2 (0.4%)

 

Binge drinking in last yearb

0.074

  

0.71

 No

608 (59.8%)

57 (59.4%)

551 (59.8%)

 

291 (59.6%)

309 (60.2%)

 

 Yes

345 (33.9%)

28 (29.2%)

317 (34.4%)

 

169 (34.6%)

169 (32.9%)

 

 Missing/unknown

64 (6.3%)

11 (11.5%)

53 (5.8%)

 

28 (5.7%)

35 (6.8%)

 

Hepatitis B status

0.051

  

0.005

 Susceptible

149 (14.7%)

22 (22.9%)

127 (13.8%)

 

89 (18.2%)

59 (11.5%)

 

 Immune

866 (85.2%)

74 (77.1%)

792 (86.0%)

 

399 (81.8%)

452 (88.1%)

 

 Infected

2 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (0.2%)

 

0 (0.0%)

2 (0.4%)

 
  1. Participant characteristics were assessed at study screening and enrollment visits. All data are presented as n (column percentage). p-values were calculated using Pearson’s Chi-squared test and significant results (p < 0.05) are shown in bold. Sixteen participants known to be living with HIV were not included in the evaluation of recent HCV testing, since HCV diagnostic testing would not routinely be indicated for such individuals
  2. aSelf-perceived HIV risk was assessed with the question, “Thinking about the sex you had in the past 12 months, to what extent would you consider yourself at risk of getting HIV?” with answers provided via a 5-point Liekert scale from “no risk” to “very large risk.”
  3. bBinge drinking was defined as having six or more drinks during one occasion once or more per month during the past year
  4. cHepatitis B status was categorized as “susceptible” if all surface antigen, surface antibody, and core antibody were all non-reactive; “immune” if only the surface antibody or core antibody was reactive; and “infected” if the surface antigen was detectable
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AIDS Research and Therapy

ISSN: 1742-6405

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