Table 2 Multilevel mixed-effects complementary log–log regression model showing the association between individual and contextual factors on the knowledge of mother to child transmission of HIV and AIDS
Variables | Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | AOR [95%CI] | ||
Individual level | ||||
Age | ||||
15–19 | 0.89 [0.75,1.06] | 0.92 [0.77,1.09] | ||
20–24 | 1.11 [0.95,1.31] | 1.15 [0.98,1.35] | ||
25–29 | 1.05 [0.91,1.22] | 1.09 [0.94,1.26] | ||
30–34 | 1.07 [0.92,1.24] | 1.11 [0.96,1.28] | ||
35–39 | 0.95 [0.83,1.10] | 0.96 [0.83,1.11] | ||
40–44 | 0.95 [0.82,1.10] | 0.95 [0.82,1.09] | ||
45–49 | Ref | Ref | ||
Employment | ||||
Not working | 0.84 [0.58,1.22] | 0.83 [0.58,1.20] | ||
Managerial | 0.95 [0.63,1.43] | 0.93 [0.63,1.38] | ||
Clerical | 0.78 [0.52,1.17] | 0.76 [0.51,1.13] | ||
Agricultural | Ref | Ref | ||
Home | 0.87 [0.58,1.30] | 0.85 [0.57,1.26] | ||
Services | 0.91 [0.61,1.35] | 0.87 [0.60,1.28] | ||
Manual | 0.92 [0.62,1.35] | 0.90 [0.62,1.32] | ||
Marital status | ||||
Never married | 0.94 [0.80,1.10] | 0.93 [0.79,1.08] | ||
Married | 0.93 [0.79,1.10] | 0.92 [0.78,1.08] | ||
Cohabitation | 0.97 [0.80,1.16] | 0.95 [0.79,1.14] | ||
Widow/Divorced/Separated | Ref | Ref | ||
Education | ||||
No education | Ref | Ref | ||
Primary | 1.08 [0.87,1.33] | 1.09 [0.88,1.34] | ||
Secondary | 1.29* [1.05,1.59] | 1.28* [1.04,1.57] | ||
Higher | 1.65*** [1.28,2.11] | 1.55*** [1.21,1.99] | ||
Parity | ||||
0 | 0.77*** [0.66,0.90] | 0.73*** [0.63,0.85] | ||
1 | 0.90 [0.79,1.04] | 0.88 [0.77,1.01] | ||
2 | 0.97 [0.85,1.11] | 0.95 [0.83,1.08] | ||
3 | 0.98 [0.85,1.12] | 0.95 [0.83,1.09] | ||
4 or more | Ref | |||
Frequency of reading Newspaper | ||||
Not at all | Ref | Ref | ||
Less than once a week | 1.16** [1.05,1.27] | 1.16** [1.05,1.28] | ||
At least once a week | 1.17*** [1.06,1.28] | 1.14** [1.04,1.25] | ||
Frequency of watching TV | ||||
Not at all | Ref | Ref | ||
Less than once a week | 1.06 [0.95,1.18] | 1.05 [0.94,1.17] | ||
At least once a week | 1.10* [1.01,1.19] | 1.08 [0.99,1.17] | ||
Frequency of listening to radio | ||||
Not at all | Ref | Ref | ||
Less than once a week | 1.29** [1.10,1.52] | 1.22* [1.03,1.43] | ||
At least once a week | 1.06 [0.95,1.17] | 0.982 [0.88,1.10] | ||
4 and above | Ref | Ref | ||
Contextual factors | ||||
Region | ||||
Northern Cape | Ref | Ref | ||
Western Cape | 1.04 [0.87,1.24] | 1.02 [0.85,1.22] | ||
Eastern Cape | 0.94 [0.80,1.11] | 0.93 [0.78,1.10] | ||
Free State | 1.04 [0.88,1.23] | 1.04 [0.88,1.24] | ||
KwaZulu-Natal | 1.15 [0.94,1.39] | 1.13 [0.92,1.38] | ||
North West | 1.52*** [1.25,1.84] | 1.49*** [1.22,1.81] | ||
Gauteng | 1.36*** [1.13,1.63] | 1.35** [1.12,1.62] | ||
Mpumalanga | 0.91 [0.76,1.08] | 0.89 [0.75,1.06] | ||
Limpopo | 1.32** [1.10,1.58] | 1.35** [1.12,1.64] | ||
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1.17** [1.05,1.30] | 1.17** [1.04,1.31] | ||
Rural | Ref | Ref | ||
Wealth | ||||
Poorest | 0.75*** [0.65,0.87] | 0.82* [0.69,0.97] | ||
Poorer | 0.84* [0.73,0.97] | 0.87 [0.75,1.01] | ||
Middle | 0.87 [0.77,1.00] | 0.89 [0.77,1.03] | ||
Richer | 0.94 [0.83,1.06] | 0.97 [0.85,1.10] | ||
Richest | Ref | Ref | ||
Random effects results | ||||
PSU variance | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.11 |
ICC | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
Wald chi-square and p-value | Ref | 160.68 (p < 0.001) | 113.60 (p < 0.001) | 248.83 (p < 0.001) |
LR Test | 176.72 (p < 0.001) | 152.57 (p < 0.001) | 92.78 (p < 0.001) | 93.02 (p < 0.001) |
Model fitness | ||||
Log-likelihood | − 2453.69 | − 2359.58 | − 2401.68 | − 2319.44 |
AIC | 4911.38 | 4779.151 | 4833.369 | 4724.882 |
PSU | 723 | 723 | 723 | 723 |
N | 7861 | 7861 | 7861 | 7861 |