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Table 1 The characteristics of included studies

From: Food insecurity and the risk of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study name, year

Country

Study design

Measures for exposure variables

Measures for outcome variables

Crude OR/RR

Adjusted OR/RR

Adjusted for

Palar et al. 2018 [11]

USA

Prospective cohort

HFSSM

CESD

Not available

2.39 (1.63–3.42) (Marginal FI)

Not available

3.18 (2.14–7.73) (low FI)

4.19 (2.79–6.30) (very low FI)

Kaplusky et al. 2015 [14]

USA

prospective cohort study

Radimer/corner questionnaire

Burnam depression screen

2.15 (1.11–5.55)

1.5 (0.6–3.7)

Social support, emotional support, poverty and drug use

Palar et al. 2015 [27]

USA

Prospective cohort study

HFIAS

BDI–II

Not available

1.41 (0.99–2.02)

(Mild FI)

Sex, baseline depression, race, educational status, ART drug use, emergency visits, recent homelessness, heavy drinking, illicit drug use

1.34 (1.02–1.78) (Moderate FI)

1.64 (1.26–2.13) (Severe Fi)

Kinyanda et al. 2011 [13]

Uganda

Cross sectional study

Self-report

MINI

2.83 (1.45 = 5.73)

2.89 (1.40–5.98)

Distance from HIV clinic, knowing HIV status, On ART, social support, stressful life event, stress score index

Davey-Rothwell et al. 2014 [25]

USA

Prospective study

Core Food Insecurity Module

CESD

2.91 (1.63–5.17)

2.71 (1.51–4.88)

Race, age, income, taking food stamp in last 30 days

Yeneabat et al. 2017 [28]

Ethiopia

Cross sectional study

HFIAS

CESD

5.10 (2.32–10.25)

3.83 (1.58–9.32)

Sex, age, educational status, marital status, occupational status, place of residence, number of dependent children, access to food, practice of agriculture, ownership livestock, CD4 + count, OIs

Aibibula et al. 2017 [26]

USA

Prospective cohort study

HFSSM

CESD

1.78 (1.57–2.02) (Moderate FI) 2.38 (2.14–2.65) (severe FI)

1.33 (1.20–1.48) (Moderate

Sex, age, educational status, marital status, sexual orientation, unstable housing, occupational status, clinical stage, median duration of HIV infections, OIs

FI) 1.37 (1.25–1.51) (severe FI)

  1. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, CES-D Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised, HFIAS Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, HFSSM Household Food Insecurity Survey Module, HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus, MINI Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, PLWHA people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); OR odds ratio, RR relative risk