Table 1 Factors associated with drug resistance among Chinese patients who commenced first-line ART for 9–24 months from 2003 to 2015 (n = 4679)
Factors | Total | DR | % | OR (95% CI) | P | AOR* (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 4679 | 402 | 8.6 | ||||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 3177 | 254 | 8.0 | 1.0 | |||
Female | 1502 | 148 | 9.9 | 1.3 (1.0,1.6) | 0.03 | ||
Age (years) | |||||||
≤ 30 | 921 | 56 | 6.1 | 1.0 | |||
31–40 | 1731 | 178 | 10.3 | 1.8 (1.3,2.4) | < 0.01 | ||
> 40 | 2027 | 168 | 8.3 | 1.4 (1.0,1.9) | 0.67 | ||
Education | |||||||
Post-secondary school or more | 1424 | 59 | 4.1 | 1.0 | |||
Secondary school or less | 3255 | 343 | 10.5 | 2.7 (2.1,3.6) | < 0.01 | 1.5 (1.0,2.1) | 0.04 |
Occupation | |||||||
Other | 2218 | 96 | 4.3 | 1.0 | |||
Farmer | 2409 | 301 | 12.5 | 3.2 (2.5,4.0) | < 0.01 | 1.8 (1.3,2.5) | <0.01 |
Marital status | |||||||
Other | 3228 | 332 | 10.3 | 1.0 | |||
Married | 1451 | 70 | 4.8 | 0.4 (0.3,0.6) | < 0.01 | ||
Time of initial ART (year) | |||||||
≤ 2008 | 1882 | 292 | 15.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
> 2008 | 2797 | 110 | 3.9 | 0.2 (0.2,0.3) | < 0.01 | 0.5 (0.4,0.7) | < 0.01 |
Route of HIV infection | |||||||
Heterosexual intercourse | 2166 | 95 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Homosexual intercourse | 670 | 15 | 2.2 | 0.5 (0.3,0.9) | < 0.01 | 0.9 (0.5,1.7) | 0.06 |
Blood/IDU | 1531 | 266 | 17.4 | 4.6 (3.6,5.9) | < 0.01 | 2.4 (1.8,3.3) | < 0.01 |
Other or unknown | 312 | 26 | 8.3 | 2.0 (1.3,3.1) | 0.07 | 1.8 (1.1,3.1) | 0.22 |
WHO clinic stage III/IV before ART | |||||||
No | 3842 | 283 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 837 | 119 | 14.2 | 2.1 (1.7,2.6) | < 0.01 | 1.6 (1.1,2.1) | < 0.01 |
CD4 cell counts before ART (cells/mm3) | |||||||
< 349 | 3579 | 263 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
≥ 350 | 631 | 25 | 4.0 | 0.5 (0.3,0.8) | < 0.01 | 0.6 (0.3,0.9) | 0.01 |
Initial ART regimens | |||||||
D4T/3TC/EFV or NVP | 1053 | 87 | 8.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
AZT/3TC/EFV or NVP | 1901 | 95 | 5.0 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | < 0.01 | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | <0.01 |
TDF/3TC/EFV or NVP | 985 | 36 | 3.7 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | < 0.01 | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | < 0.01 |
AZT/ddI/EFV or NVP | 482 | 153 | 31.7 | 5.2 (3.9, 6.9) | < 0.01 | 6.3 (4.2, 9.4) | < 0.01 |
Other regimens | 258 | 31 | 12.0 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.08 | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 0.55 |
ART regimens at survey | |||||||
D4T/3TC/EFV or NVP | 605 | 32 | 5.3 | 1.0 | |||
AZT/3TC/EFV or NVP | 1774 | 73 | 4.1 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | < 0.01 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | < 0.01 |
TDF/3TC/EFV or NVP | 1165 | 39 | 3.4 | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | < 0.01 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | < 0.01 |
Other first-line regimens | 683 | 147 | 21.5 | 4.9 (3.3, 7.3) | < 0.01 | 4.7 (2.9, 7.7) | < 0.01 |
Second-line regimens | 452 | 111 | 24.6 | 5.8 (3.8, 8.8) | < 0.01 | 5.6 (3.5, 8.9) | < 0.01 |
Missed doses in the past month | |||||||
No | 4316 | 353 | 8.2 | 1.0 | |||
Yes | 363 | 49 | 13.5 | 1.8 (1.3,2.4) | < 0.01 | 1.7 (1.1,2.5) | 0.01 |
ART drug distribution location | |||||||
Township hospital or village clinic | 2564 | 324 | 12.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
County hospital or CDC | 2110 | 78 | 3.7 | 0.3 (0.2,0.3) | < 0.01 | 0.4 (0.3,0.5) | < 0.01 |
Adverse drug reactions | |||||||
No | 3842 | 283 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 837 | 119 | 14.2 | 2.1 (1.7,2.6) | < 0.01 | 1.6 (1.2,2.1) | < 0.01 |