| All participants N = 214, n (%) | Females N = 171, n (%) | Males N = 43, n (%) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age (years) | 44.8 ± 11.8 | 43.5 ± 11.6 | 49.9 ± 11.1 | 0.001 |
 Unmarried | 164 (76.6) | 137 (80.1) | 27 (62.8) | 0.03 |
 Secondary education | 98 (45.8) | 83 (48.5) | 15 (34.9) | 0.12 |
 Unemployed | 149 (69.6) | 129 (75.4) | 20 (46.5) | 0.001 |
HIV information | ||||
 CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 461.9 ± 235.3 | 485.5 ± 234.1 | 364.3 ± 216.6 | 0.001 |
 Viral load (copies/ml) | ≤50 | ≤50 | ≤50 | 0.14 |
 Mean duration of ART in months (N = 200) | 36.1 ± 24.4 | 37.0 ± 24.3 | 32.5 ± 24.6 | 0.31 |
 NVP (NNRTI)-based ART* | 25 (12.5) | 22 (13.8) | 3 (7.5) |  |
 EFV (NNRTI)-based ART | 172 (86) | 136 (85.0) | 36 (90.0) |  |
 Alluvia (PI)-based ART | 3 (1.5) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (2.5) |  |
CVD risk factors | ||||
 Tobacco use | 45 (21.1) | 28 (16.5) | 17 (39.5) | 0.001 |
 | 47 (22.0) | 29 (17 %) | 18 (41.9 %) | 0.001 |
 Alcohol use  Physical activity <600 MET-min/wk) | 38 (24.2) | 37 (29.1 %) | 1 (3.3 %) | 0.002 |
 Fruit and vegetables intake (<5 servings/day) | 150 (95.5) | 121 (95.3) | 29 (96.7) | 1.00 |
 Obesity | 27 (12.7) | 25 (14.6) | 2 (4.8) | 0.12 |
 Abdominal obesity | 51 (23.9) | 44 (25.9) | 7 (16.3) | 0.23 |
 Hypertension | 56 (26.2) | 40 (23.4) | 16 (37.2) | 0.08 |
 Diabetes | 10 (4.7) | 6 (3.5) | 4 (9.3) | 0.12 |
 Low HDL | 91 (43.8) | 71 (42.3) | 20 (50.0) | 0.38 |
 Hypercholesterolaemia | 69 (33.2) | 58 (34.5) | 11 (27.5) | 0.46 |
 Hypertriglyceridaemia | 35 (16.8) | 21 (12.5) | 14 (35.0) | 0.001 |
 TC/HDL (≥5) | 28 (13.5) | 17 (10.1) | 11 (27.5) | 0.01 |
 High TG/HDL-C (≥1.49) | 38 (18.3) | 23 (13.7) | 15 (37.5) | 0.001 |
 ApoB/ApoA (≥0.68) | 93 (45.4) | 74 (44.8) | 19 (47.5) | 0.86 |
 Metabolic syndrome | 20 (9.6) | 15 (8.9) | 5 (12.5) | 0.56 |